Kupffer cell

Kupffer cell
Kupffer cell
	Confocal microscopy picture showing the steady-state location and interactions between Kupffer cells (Red), hepatic stellate cells (green) and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (blue). Cell nuclei are in grey.
	Basic liver structure
Details
Location	Liver
Function	Macrophage
Identifiers
Latin	macrophagocytus stellatus
MeSH	D007728
TH	H3.04.05.0.00016
FMA	14656
	Anatomical terms of microanatomy

Kupffer cells, also known as stellate macrophages and Kupffer–Browicz cells, are specialized cells localized in the liver within the lumen of the liver sinusoids and are adhesive to their endothelial cells which make up the blood vessel walls. Kupffer cells comprise the largest population of tissue-resident macrophages in the body. Gut bacteria, bacterial endotoxins, and microbial debris transported to the liver from the gastrointestinal tract via the portal vein will first come in contact with Kupffer cells, the first immune cells in the liver. It is because of this that any change to Kupffer cell functions can be connected to various liver diseases such as alcoholic liver disease, viral hepatitis, intrahepatic cholestasis, steatohepatitis, activation or rejection of the liver during liver transplantation and liver fibrosis.^[2]^[3] They form part of the mononuclear phagocyte system.

^ Bonnardel J, T'Jonck W, Gaublomme D, Browaeys R, Scott CL, Martens L, et al. (October 2019). "Stellate Cells, Hepatocytes, and Endothelial Cells Imprint the Kupffer Cell Identity on Monocytes Colonizing the Liver Macrophage Niche". Immunity. 51 (4): 638–654.e9. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2019.08.017. PMC 6876284. PMID 31561945.
^ Nguyen-Lefebvre, Anh Thu; Horuzsko, Anatolij (2015). "Kupffer Cell Metabolism and Function". Journal of Enzymology and Metabolism. 1 (1). PMC 4771376. PMID 26937490.
^ Dixon, Laura J.; Barnes, Mark; Tang, Hui; Pritchard, Michele T.; Nagy, Laura E. (April 2013). "Kupffer Cells in the Liver". Comprehensive Physiology. 3 (2): 785–797. doi:10.1002/cphy.c120026. ISSN 2040-4603. PMC 4748178. PMID 23720329.

[1] Bonnardel J, T'Jonck W, Gaublomme D, Browaeys R, Scott CL, Martens L, et al. (October 2019). "Stellate Cells, Hepatocytes, and Endothelial Cells Imprint the Kupffer Cell Identity on Monocytes Colonizing the Liver Macrophage Niche". Immunity. 51 (4): 638–654.e9. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2019.08.017. PMC 6876284. PMID 31561945.

[:0-2] Nguyen-Lefebvre, Anh Thu; Horuzsko, Anatolij (2015). "Kupffer Cell Metabolism and Function". Journal of Enzymology and Metabolism. 1 (1). PMC 4771376. PMID 26937490.

[:1-3] Dixon, Laura J.; Barnes, Mark; Tang, Hui; Pritchard, Michele T.; Nagy, Laura E. (April 2013). "Kupffer Cells in the Liver". Comprehensive Physiology. 3 (2): 785–797. doi:10.1002/cphy.c120026. ISSN 2040-4603. PMC 4748178. PMID 23720329.

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